Category: Urban Disaster

• The Great Fire of London (1861)

  This theory concerns the 1861 Tooley Street fire rather than the famous fire of 1666. In conspiratorial retellings, the blaze was treated not simply as a catastrophic warehouse fire but as proof of large-scale insurance gaming, with some contemporaries and later observers asking whether over-insurance, fraudulent practice, or reckless storage had made the disaster functionally equivalent to a city-wide insurance fraud. The documented record clearly shows that the fire caused immense insurance losses, that it transformed London’s fire-insurance system, and that contemporaries discussing fire insurance openly raised the broader question of fraudulent fires. What remains unproven is the strong claim that the Tooley Street blaze itself was deliberately arranged on a metropolitan scale as fraud.