Category: Media Conspiracies

• The "Yellow Journalism" War

  This theory held that William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer did not merely exploit the Spanish-American War in their papers but effectively manufactured or “invented” the war in order to sell newspapers. It grew out of the very real circulation war between the New York Journal and the New York World, both of which sensationalized events in Cuba and competed aggressively for public attention. Later retellings compressed this complicated media and policy environment into a single accusation: the war happened because newspapers wanted it to happen.

• The "Penny Dreadful" Corruption

  This theory held that cheap Victorian serial fiction did not merely entertain working-class boys but secretly altered their minds, making them prone to crime, sexual danger, and social rebellion. In its stronger forms, critics claimed these stories operated almost like hidden hypnotic devices, implanting criminal fantasies into impressionable readers who could not distinguish between print sensation and real conduct. The documented record clearly shows that penny dreadfuls became the focus of a major late-Victorian moral panic and were repeatedly accused of breeding juvenile delinquency. What remains much harder to prove is the more extreme claim that they contained deliberate “hypnotic” messages. That language belongs more to the rhetoric of mental corruption than to a documented publishing technique.